Getting the angle right
OSHA's 4-to-1 rule: for every 4 feet of height, the base of the ladder should be 1 foot away from the wall. For a ladder reaching 12 feet, the base sits 3 feet from the wall.
Too steep (base too close) and the ladder can fall backward. Too shallow (base too far) and the base can slide out. The top of an extension ladder should extend at least 3 feet above the roof edge or the surface you are climbing onto.
Always
Maintain three points of contact at all times: two hands and one foot, or two feet and one hand. This means carrying tools in a tool belt or bucket on a rope, not in your hands while climbing.
Keep your belt buckle (center of gravity) between the side rails. Overreaching sideways shifts your weight outside the ladder's base and causes tip-overs.
Before you climb
Place the ladder on firm, level ground. Never place it on a box, barrel, or other unstable surface to gain height. Lock all braces and spreaders. For extension ladders, ensure the locks engage before climbing. If the ground is soft, place a wide board under the feet.
- 4-to-1 rule: 1 foot out for every 4 feet up
- Extend 3 feet above the roof edge or landing surface
- Three points of contact at all times
- Keep your center of gravity between the side rails
- Firm, level ground only. Lock all braces before climbing
- Ladder Safety — OSHA ladder safety standards and guidance.